Properties of pure substances properties of pure substances vapors power cycle gas power cycle thermodynamics of. So, im going to put up a couple of just statements of the second law of thermodynamics. Ppt second law of thermodynamics powerpoint presentation. Lec4 second law of thermodynamics nptel thermodynamics. Apart from classical theory, this course presents detail on kinetic theory as well as statistical theories. Irreversibility and the second law of thermodynamics. A gas can be heated to the temperature of the bottom of the pond, and allowed to cool as it blows through a turbine. Physical processes in nature can proceed toward equilibrium spontaneously. So weve now covered the various aspects of the second law of thermal dynamics, which governs the spontaneity of chemical reactions based on the gibbs energy. The second law of thermodynamics is needed because the first law of thermodynamics does not define the energy conversion process completely.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics heat can be completely converted into work in a single process but continuous conversion of heat in to work requires a cyclic process a heat engine all attempts to construct a heat engine that is 100% efficient have failed the kelvin planck statement of the. Therefore, while the quantity, based on the first law, of. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy and availbility. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of fipse and the department of education, and. Lec4 second law of thermodynamics lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Nptel syllabus introduction to aerospace propulsion video course course outline. Second law of thermodynamics university college dublin. It is the branch of physics which deals with process involving heat, work and internal energy. Thermodynamics the first law of thermodynamics britannica.
Preserving the quality of energy is a major concern of engineers. Applied thermodynamics videos, lectures, classes, courses, books, tutorials nptel thermodynamics videos, thermodynamics video lectures, thermodynamics video classes. A process can occur when and only when it satisfies both the first and the second laws of thermodynamics. The second law also asserts that energy has a quality. Basic thermodynamics online course video lectures by iit. The increase of the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the heat added to the system plus the work done on the system. There are four laws of thermodynamics, they are zeroth law of thermodynamics first law of thermodynamics second law of thermodynamics third law of thermodynamics zeroth law of thermodynamics. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. This module explores the second law of thermodynamics and entropy, the second law of thermodynamics and spontaneity, the second law of. We will introduce the rst and second law for open systems.
The second law also states that the changes in the entropy in the universe can never be negative. The first, second, and third law of thermodynamics thlaws05. Zeroth law, first law, second law, and third law of. This has led to much debated issues, such as whether the distinction between past and future can be grounded in the second law, or how to. The inequality of clausius is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. He said, we dont see a spontaneous transfer of heat from cold areas to hot areas. The application of first law of thermodynamics process led to the establishment of a new property named internal energy u, the application of the second law to a process leads to the establishment of another new property names as entropy s. The second law of thermodynamics as a function of entropy. The 2nd law of thermodynamics heat can be completely converted into work in a single process but continuous conversion of heat in to work requires a cyclic process a heat engine all attempts to construct a heat engine that is 100% efficient have failed the kelvin planck statement of. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. The first law of thermodynamics allows for many possible states of a system to exist, but only certain states are found to exist in nature. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The first law places no restriction on the direction of a process, and satisfying the first law does not guarantee that the process will occur. We can however discern different kinds of energy such as. Engineering thermodynamics 2016 dvd media storage type. The limitation of the first law of thermodynamics is that it does not say anything about the direction of flow of heat. The second law of thermodynamics introduces the notion of entropy s, a measure of system disorder messiness u is the quantity of a systems energy, s is the quality of a systems energy. Explanation of first law and second law of thermodynamics.
Som, department of mechanical engineering, iit kharagpur. Work and efficiency as motivation for the development of the second law, we examine two types of processes that. Nptel syllabus advanced engineering thermodynamics web course course outline the present course on advanced engineering thermodynamics deals with indepth theories of thermodynamics. Nov 07, 20 hindi second law of thermodynamics l heat engine l heat pump l refrigerator l gate 2018 mechanical duration. Why the 2nd law of thermodynamics is a fundamental law of physics duration. Lec12 second law and available energyiii by nptelhrd. Introduction to second law of thermodynamics youtube. The first law says that the energy of the universe is constant. Applied thermodynamics for marine systems online course video. Sign in 4 applications of second law of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics second law of thermodynamics in the course of discussions on the first law of thermodynamics we concluded that all kinds of energy are equally useful, none of them is a preferred one, but in the case of isolated system it has to be conserved. The first, second, and third law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy. Heat engines, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics. We know that the actual process must satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. And the second law of thermodynamics, according to rudolf clausius, and im gonna paraphrase this, is that we dont see spontaneous, let me write this down. Second law of thermodynamics florida state university. In the next lecture, we shall examine the third law of thermodynamics, which concerns the entropy of perfect crystals and leads to determination of absolute entropies. The laws of thermodynamics are deceptively simple to state, but they are farreaching in their consequences.
Lect10 second law of thermodynamics, heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps, kelvinplanck and clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics. Ppt second law of thermodynamics civil engineering ce. Thermodynamics is concerned with macroscopic behavior rather than microscopic behavior of the system. Apr 15, 2020 ppt second law of thermodynamics civil engineering ce notes edurev is made by best teachers of civil engineering ce. The second law of thermodynamics for the free expansion, we have. The first law asserts that if heat is recognized as a form of energy, then the total energy of a system plus its surroundings is conserved. The second law of thermodynamics is also used in determining the theoretical limits for the performance of commonly used engineering systems, such as heat engines and refrigerators, as well as predicting the degree of completion of chemical reactions. Video created by university of manchester for the course introduction to physical chemistry. The second law of thermodynamics explains the phenomenon of irreversibility and the increasing entropic trend of nature. Basic thermodynamics nptel online videos, courses iit. Introduction and fundamental concepts zeroth law and fundamental concepts different kind of energy and first lowi first low second law and its corollaries second law and available energy thermodynamic property relations joulekelvin expansion.
This law states consider three bodies namely a, b, c, if a and b are individually in thermal equilibrium with a third body c then, the bodies a and b also will. For the reversible isothermal process, for the gas. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. However, no information about the direction of the process can be obtained by the application of the first law. The second low often leads to expressions that involve inequalities. What is the best examples of second law of thermodynamics. Introduction and fundamental concepts zeroth law and fundamental concepts different kind of energy and first lowi first lowsecond law and its corollaries second law and available energy thermodynamic property relations joulekelvin expansion. This has led to much debated issues, such as whether the distinction between past and future can be grounded in the second law, or how to reconcile the second law with an underlying microscopic. The second law of thermodynamics is concerned with the maximum fraction of a quantity of heat that can be converted into work. The second law of thermodynamics is commonly referred to as the law of entropy, and it holds that energy becomes less usable over time. Lec1 introduction and fundamental concepts youtube. Similar to humanmade machines, living structures are subjected to entropy. Gases expand from a high pressure to a low pressure. The second law of thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system, will always increase over time.
Heat engines and their efficiency by openstaxcollege is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4. Apr 03, 2016 the application of first law of thermodynamics process led to the establishment of a new property named internal energy u, the application of the second law to a process leads to the establishment of another new property names as entropy s. Hindi second law of thermodynamics l heat engine l heat pump l refrigerator l gate 2018 mechanical duration. Choosing a clever system is half the solution of many thermodynamical problems.
However, it is not necessary that the process must occur only by satisfying the first law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics 1 second law of thermodynamics entropy. Lec4 second law of thermodynamics nptel thermodynamics lec4 second law of thermodynamics lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Why it is important to formulate the law for open systems can be illustrated with fig.